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Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 1985 Fourth edition 2019 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Printed in Malaysia by Vivar Printing A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library ISBN 978-1-108-45765-1 Student’s Book with answers ISBN 978-1-108-58661-2 Student’s Book with answers and ebook ISBN 978-1-108-70170-2 Student’s Book without answers ISBN 978-1-108-57712-7 Interactive ebook ISBN 978-1-108-45773-6 Supplementary Exercises Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel timetables and other factual information given in this work is correct at the time of first printing but Cambridge University Press does not guarantee the accuracy of such information thereafter. — **Image 2: Table of Contents (Pages ii, iii)** **Contents** Thanks vii To the student viii To the teacher x Study planner xii **Present and past** 1 Present continuous (I am doing) 2 Present simple (I do) 3 Present continuous and present simple 1 (I am doing and I do) 4 Present continuous and present simple 2 (I am doing and I do) 5 Past simple (I did) 6 Past continuous (I was doing) **Present perfect and past** 7 Present perfect (I have done) 8 Present perfect 1 (I have done) 9 Present perfect continuous (I have been doing) 10 Present perfect continuous and simple (I have been doing and I have done) 11 How long have you (been) … ? 12 for and since when … ? and how long … ? 13 Present perfect and past 1 (I have done and I did) 14 Present perfect and past 2 (I have done and I did) 15 Past perfect (I had done) 16 Past perfect continuous (I had been doing) 17 Have and have got 18 used to (do) **Future** 19 Present tenses (I am doing / I do) for the future 20 I’m going to (do) 21 will and shall 1 22 will and shall 2 23 I will and I’m going to 24 will be doing and will have done 25 when I do and when I’ve done If and when 26 if and when **Modals** 27 Can, could (and) be able to 28 Must and can’t 29 May and might 1 30 May and might 2 31 Have to and must 32 Must mustn’t needn’t 33 Should 1 34 Should 2 35 I’d better … it’s time … 36 would 37 Can/could/would you …? etc. (Requests, offers, permission and invitations) **If and wish** 38 If I do … and if I did … 39 If I knew … I wish I knew … 40 If I had known … I wish I had known … 41 Wish 42 Wish **Passive** 43 Passive 1 (is done / was done) 44 Passive 2 (be done / been done / being done) 45 Passive 3 46 it is said that … he is said to … he is supposed to … 47 have something done **Reported speech** 48 Reported speech 1 (he said that …) 49 Reported speech 2 **Questions and auxiliary verbs** 50 Questions 1 51 Questions 1 (do you know where … ? / he asked me where …) 52 Auxiliary verbs (have/do/can etc.) I think so / I hope so etc. 53 Question tags (do you? isn’t it? etc.) **-ing and to …** 54 Verb + to … (enjoy doing / stop doing etc.) 55 Verb + to … (decide to … / forget to … etc.) 56 Verb (+ object) + to … (I want you to …) 57 Verb + -ing or to … 1 (remember, regret etc.) 58 Verb + -ing or to … 2 (try, need, help) 59 prefer and would rather 60 Preposition (for/about/etc.) + -ing 61 be/get used to … (I’m used to …) 62 Verb + preposition + -ing (succeed in -ing / insist on -ing etc.) 63 there’s no point in -ing, it’s worth -ing etc. 64 to …, for … and so that … **Adjective + to …** 65 to … (afraid to do) and preposition + -ing (afraid of -ing) 66 see somebody do and see somebody doing 67 -ing clauses (He hurt his knee playing football.) **Articles and nouns** 68 Countable and uncountable 1 69 Countable and uncountable 2 70 Countable nouns with a/an and some 71 a/an and the 72 the 1 73 the 2 (the school / the school etc.) 74 the 3 (the children / the telephone) 75 the 4 (the giraffe / the telephone / the old etc.) 76 Names with and without the 1 **Pronouns and determiners** 77 Names with and without the 2 78 Singular and plural 79 noun + noun (a bus driver / a headache) 80 -‘s (your sister’s name) and of … (the name of the book) 81 myself / yourself / themselves etc. 82 a friend of mine my own house on my own / by myself 83 there … and it … 84 some and any 85 no, none/any nothing/nobody etc. 86 much, many, little, few, a lot, plenty 87 all / all of / most / most of / none of etc. 88 both / both of / neither / neither of either / either of 89 all every whole 90 each and every **Relative clauses** 91 Relative clauses 1: clauses with who/that/which 92 Relative clauses 2: clauses with whom/whose/where 93 Relative clauses 3: whose, when, whereby, etc. 94 Relative clauses 4: extra information clauses (1) 95 Relative clauses 5: extra information clauses (2) 96 -ing and -ed clauses (the woman talking to Tom, the boy injured in the acciden **Adjectives and adverbs** 97 Adjectives ending in -ing and -ed (boring/bored etc.) 98 Adjectives: a nice new house, you look tired 99 Adjectives and adverbs 1 (quick/quickly) 100 Adjectives and adverbs 2 (well, fast, late, hard/hardly) 101 so and such 102 enough as and too 103 quite, pretty, rather and fairly 104 Comparative 1 (cheaper, more expensive etc.) 105 Comparative 2 (much better / any better etc.) 106 Comparative 3 (as … as / than) 107 Superlative (the longest, the most enjoyable etc.) 108 Word order 1: verb + object; place and time 109 Word order 2: adverbs with the verb 110 still any more yet already 111 still any more yet already 112 even **Conjunctions and prepositions** 113 although though even though in spite of despite 114 in case 115 unless as long as provided 116 as (as I walked … / as I was … etc.) 117 like and as 118 like as if 119 during for while 120 by and until by the time …
**To the student** This book is for students who want help with English grammar. It is written for you to use without a teacher. The book will be useful for you if you are not sure of the answers to questions like these: * What is the difference between I did and I have done? * When do we use will for the future? * What is the structure after I wish? * When do we say used to do and when do we say used to doing? * When do we use the? * What is the difference between like and as? These and many other points of English grammar are explained in the book, and there are exercises on each point. **Level** The book is intended for intermediate students (students who have already studied the basic grammar of English). It concentrates on those structures that intermediate students want to use, but that often cause difficulty. Some advanced students who have problems with grammar will also find the book useful. The book is not suitable for elementary learners. **How the book is organised** There are 145 units in the book. Each unit concentrates on a particular point of grammar. Some problems (for example, the present perfect or the use of the) are covered in more than one unit. For a list of units, see the Contents at the beginning of the book. Each unit consists of two facing pages. On the left there are explanations and examples; on the right there are exercises. At the back of the book there is an Answer Key for you to check your answers to the exercises (page 336). There are also seven Appendices at the back of the book (pages 292–301). These include irregular verbs, summaries of verb forms, spelling, and American English. There is a detailed index at the back of the book (page 373). **How to use the book** The units are not in order of difficulty, so it is not intended that you work through the book from beginning to end. Every learner has different problems, and you should use this book to help you with the grammar that you find difficult. It is suggested that you work in this way: * Use the Contents and/or Index to find which unit deals with the point you are interested in. * If you are not sure which units you need to study, use the Study guide on page 326. * Study the explanations and examples on the left-hand page of the unit you have chosen. * Do the exercises on the right-hand page. * Check your answers with the Key. * If your answers are not correct, study the left-hand page again to see what went wrong. You can, of course, use the book simply as a reference book without doing the exercises. — **To the teacher** English Grammar in Use was written as a self-study grammar book, but teachers may also find it useful for supplementing or supporting their classroom teaching. The book will probably be most useful for advanced level students for reference and practice. The book will probably be most useful at middle- and upper-intermediate levels (where all or nearly all of the material will be relevant), and can serve both as a basis for revision and as a means for practising new structures. It will also be useful for some more advanced students who have problems with grammar and need a book for reference and practice. The book is not intended to be used by elementary learners. The units are organised in grammatical categories (Present and past, Articles and nouns, Prepositions etc.). They are not ordered according to level of difficulty, so the book should not be worked through from beginning to end. It should be used selectively and flexibly in accordance with the grammar syllabus being used and the difficulties students are having. The book can be used for immediate consolidation or for later revision or remedial work. It might be used by the whole class or by individual students needing extra help. The left-hand pages (explanations and examples) are written for the student to use individually, but they may of course be used by the teacher as a source of ideas and information on which to base a lesson. The student then has the left-hand page as a record of what has been