서성한국어 뉴시리즈
Student’s Book 2B 문법 · 단어 참고서
2002년에 발행된 서성한국어 2B 수험 교재의 한것입니다.
This book has been developed from Sogang Korean Student’s Book 2B, first
published in 2002.
© 2018 서강대학교 한국어교육진흥원
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Copyright © 2018
Korean Language Education Center, Sogang University. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, including photocopy, recording
without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.
발행처: 2018년 7월 20일
발행일: 2018년 7월 20일
발행인: 서강대학교 한국어교육진흥원 원장 박종두
편집부: 02) 2260-0008
주소: 서울시 마포구 대흥로 24 (신수동)
Tel: 82-2) 706-8388-9
Fax: 82-2) 706-8388-778
e-mail: kles@sogang.ac.kr
Homepage: http://kles.sogang.ac.kr
교사 사이트: http://klesteachers.org
발행·유통: (주)시사출판사
유통처: 시사출판사
주소: 서울시 마포구 창전동 40
Tel: 82-2) 323-9393, 323-9371
e-mail: tisavvo@hnuco.co.kr
Homepage: http://www.hnuco.co.kr
Contents
04 문법
24 듣기 · 말하기 · 행동사
28 목표 단어 · 표현
참고
35 참고 문법 · 참고 단어 · 표현
45 인덱스
참고: 수업에서 배우지 않는 단어와 함께 사용됩니다.
Unit 1
① 는 · 는
강아지 · 는
② 에
학교 · 에
- MEANING
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ is used to make a relative
clause, which, in Korean, is located
before a noun. - FORM
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and nouns. It is
always attached directly to the end of
a verb stem.
Nouns:
있다 ➡ 있는데
없다 ➡ 없는데
Adjectives:
바쁘다 ➡ 바쁜데
예쁘다 ➡ 예쁜데
Verbs:
먹다 ➡ 먹는데
하다 ➡ 하는데
This is used to express the speaker’s presumption or a situation in the past, present or future, and it has the same meaning as ‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’.
NOTE
In the relative clause, only the
subject marker (이/가) is used.
- MEANING
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ is used to make a relative
clause, which, in Korean, is located
before a noun. - FORM
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and nouns. It is
always attached directly to the end of
a verb stem.
Nouns:
있다 ➡ 있는데
없다 ➡ 없는데
Adjectives:
바쁘다 ➡ 바쁜데
예쁘다 ➡ 예쁜데
Verbs:
먹다 ➡ 먹는데
하다 ➡ 하는데
- MEANING
Relative clause ending
-(으)ㄴ/는데
When the predicate’s of the relative clause
is a verb in past tense, ‘-었/았’ is used. - FORM
It is always attached directly to the end of a verb stem.
Verbs
Past Tense: -았/었
Present Tense: -는데
Future Tense: -겠
Verb Stem
Nouns
Noun Stem: -인데
-인데
-일 것이다
Adjectives
Adjective Stem: -았/었
-는데
-겠
NOTE
In the relative clause, only the
subject marker (이/가) is used.
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ is used with verbs and
adjectives that end with vowel or consonant.
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ is used with nouns.
-는데 is attached to noun stem.
Summary
| Verb (past) | Verb (present) | Verb (future) | Verb Stem | Adjective (past) | Adjective (present) | Adjective (future) | Adjective Stem | Noun (present) | Noun (future) | Noun Stem | |
| Relative Clause Ending | -았/었 | -는데 | -겠 | -았/었 | -는데 | -겠 | -인데 | -일 것이다 |
Reported Speech:
- Quotation
(Present Tense) “-다고” “-자고” “-라고”
(Past Tense) “-았/었다고” “-았/었다자고” “-았/었다라고”
(Future Tense) “-겠다고” “-겠자고” “-겠라고”
Reported speech:
- Quotation
(Present Tense) “-다고” “-자고” “-라고”
(Past Tense) “-았/었다고” “-았/었다자고” “-았/었다라고”
(Future Tense) “-겠다고” “-겠자고” “-겠라고”
The other two endings ‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’
and ‘-(으)ㄹ/는데’ will be covered in
Sogang Korean SLIR Supplementary
Book I, Unit 7.
BONUS
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ is used to
describe a person who looks or
wears the new kind of clothes or
accessories.
Unit
2
-는 것 같다
-는 것 같다
- MEANING
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ is important to note
that different verbs or endings take
different forms in order to describe the
situation, a person, or something
Those verbs must be used in the past
tense.
| articles | verbs | past tense (verb) | present tense (verb) | future tense (verb) | verb stem |
| V | -(으)ㄴ/는데 | -았/었- | -는데 | -겠 | |
| Adjectives | -(으)ㄴ/는데 | -았/었- | -는데 | -겠 | |
| Nouns | -인데 | -인데 | -일 것이다 |
UNIT 1
- MEANING
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ is used to make a relative
clause, which, in Korean, is located
before a noun. - FORM
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and nouns. It is
always attached directly to the end of
a verb stem.
Nouns:
있다 ➡ 있는데
없다 ➡ 없는데
Adjectives:
바쁘다 ➡ 바쁜데
예쁘다 ➡ 예쁜데
Verbs:
먹다 ➡ 먹는데
하다 ➡ 하는데
Unit 1
- MEANING
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ is used to make a relative
clause, which, in Korean, is located
before a noun. - FORM
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and nouns. It is
always attached directly to the end of
a verb stem.
Nouns:
있다 ➡ 있는데
없다 ➡ 없는데
Adjectives:
바쁘다 ➡ 바쁜데
예쁘다 ➡ 예쁜데
Verbs:
먹다 ➡ 먹는데
하다 ➡ 하는데
- FORM
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ is used with verbs and
adjectives that end with vowel or consonant.
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ is used with nouns.
‘-는데’ is attached to noun stem.
NOTE
- ‘-는데’ with adjectives (regular) – p25
Adjective stem + -는데
‘-는데’ is attached to the end of an adjective. - ‘-는데’ with nouns (regular) – p25
Noun stem + -인데
‘-는데’ is attached to the end of the noun stem. - ‘-는데’ with verbs (regular) – p25
Verb stem + -는데
‘-는데’ is attached to the end of the verb stem. - ‘-는데’ with nouns (regular) – p25
Noun stem + -인데
‘-는데’ is attached to the end of the noun stem.
‘-는데’ is attached to the end of the verb stem.
- ‘-는데’ with verbs (regular) – p25
Verb stem + -는데
‘-는데’ is attached to the end of the verb stem. - ‘-는데’ with nouns (regular) – p25
Noun stem + -인데
‘-는데’ is attached to the end of the noun stem.
Unit 1
(past) -(으)ㄴ/는데
(present) -는데
(future) -(으)ㄹ/는데
NOTES
- ‘-는데’ with adjectives (regular) – p25
Adjective stem + -는데 - ‘-는데’ with nouns (regular) – p25
Noun stem + -인데 - MEANING
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ is used to express the
speaker’s presumption about a situation
or a person. In the future, it has the same
meaning as ‘It seems that (someone/
something) will…’ - FORM
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and adjectives
that end with a vowel.
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and adjectives
that end with a consonant.
Verbs/Adjectives
Vowel ending: ‘-는데’
Consonant ending: ‘-는데’
This is used to express the speaker’s presumption about a situation or a person. In the future, it has the same meaning as ‘It seems that (someone/
something) will…’
- MEANING
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ is used to express the
speaker’s presumption about a situation
or a person. In the future, it has the same
meaning as ‘It seems that (someone/
something) will…’ - FORM
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and adjectives
that end with a vowel.
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and adjectives
that end with a consonant.
Verbs/Adjectives
Vowel ending: ‘-는데’
Consonant ending: ‘-는데’
- MEANING
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ is used to express the
speaker’s presumption about a situation
or a person. In the future, it has the same
meaning as ‘It seems that (someone/
something) will…’ - FORM
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and adjectives
that end with a vowel.
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and adjectives
that end with a consonant.
Verbs/Adjectives
Vowel ending: ‘-는데’
Consonant ending: ‘-는데’
NOTES
- ‘-는데’ with adjectives (regular) – p25
Adjective stem + -는데 - ‘-는데’ with nouns (regular) – p25
Noun stem + -인데 - MEANING
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ is used to express the
speaker’s presumption about a situation
or a person. In the future, it has the same
meaning as ‘It seems that (someone/
something) will…’ - FORM
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and adjectives
that end with a vowel.
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and adjectives
that end with a consonant.
Verbs/Adjectives
Vowel ending: ‘-는데’
Consonant ending: ‘-는데’
Unit 1
-(으)ㄴ/는데
- MEANING
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ is used to express the
speaker’s presumption about a situation
or a person. In the future, it has the same
meaning as ‘It seems that (someone/
something) will…’ - FORM
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and adjectives
that end with a vowel.
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and adjectives
that end with a consonant.
Verbs/Adjectives
Vowel ending: ‘-는데’
Consonant ending: ‘-는데’
NOTES
- ‘-는데’ with adjectives (regular) – p25
Adjective stem + -는데 - ‘-는데’ with nouns (regular) – p25
Noun stem + -인데
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ is used to express the
speaker’s presumption about a situation
or a person. In the future, it has the same
meaning as ‘It seems that (someone/
something) will…’
- MEANING
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ is used to express the
speaker’s presumption about a situation
or a person. In the future, it has the same
meaning as ‘It seems that (someone/
something) will…’ - FORM
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and adjectives
that end with a vowel.
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and adjectives
that end with a consonant.
Verbs/Adjectives
Vowel ending: ‘-는데’
Consonant ending: ‘-는데’
Reported speech form
(Present Tense)
- Quotation
“-다고” “-자고” “-라고”
(Past Tense)
“-았/었다고” “-았/었다자고” “-았/었다라고”
(Future Tense)
“-겠다고” “-겠자고” “-겠라고”
Reported speech form
(Present Tense)
- Quotation
“-다고” “-자고” “-라고”
(Past Tense)
“-았/었다고” “-았/었다자고” “-았/었다라고”
(Future Tense)
“-겠다고” “-겠자고” “-겠라고”
Unit 2
- MEANING
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ is used to express the
speaker’s presumption about a situation
or a person. In the future, it has the same
meaning as ‘It seems that (someone/
something) will…’ - FORM
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and adjectives
that end with a vowel.
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and adjectives
that end with a consonant.
Verbs/Adjectives
Vowel ending: ‘-는데’
Consonant ending: ‘-는데’
verb and suggestion. (auch, -었/았-요?)
-다시피
- FORM
When the original speech in respect to
the negative form, ‘-지 않다’ which is
used.
‘지 말다’
-지 않다
“처음 뵙겠습니다.”
“네, 처음 뵙겠습니다.”
“내일 뵐게요.”
“아니요, 내일 뵙지 않겠습니다.”
The original speech in respect to the
negative form, ‘-지 않다’ which is
used.
‘-지 말다’
‘아니요, 내일 뵙지 않겠습니다.’
“그럼 안녕히 가세요.”
“네, 안녕히 가세요.”
- MEANING
‘-(으)라’ is used to give polite less
emphatic than ‘-어요’. - ‘-(으)라’ is used between friends of the same
age, or when friends of a similar age, 15
to 20 people, in front of a boy, a honor
social class social class, and so on. - The use of ‘-으라’ depends on the degree of
intimacy between speakers. Though ‘-으라’ has
been commonly known for longer may take it in a
rage of direct and not direct, however, in an
actual conversation, the speakers feel that they
can do it, though that they naturally start to use in
their conversations.
Unit 1
- MEANING
‘-는데’ is used to express the
speaker’s presumption about a situation
or a person. In the future, it has the same
meaning as ‘It seems that (someone/
something) will…’ - FORM
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and adjectives
that end with a vowel.
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and adjectives
that end with a consonant.
Verbs/Adjectives
Vowel ending: ‘-는데’
Consonant ending: ‘-는데’
- FORM
‘-(으)라’ is used with verbs and
‘-(으)세요’ is used with nouns.
When you delete ‘으’ from the ‘-으라’
if formal politeness speech is
becomes casual speech.
Verb Stem
-라
-세요
-라
-세요
-라
-세요
Verb Stem
-았/었
-았/었
-았/었
-았/었
(present tense)
- Direct speech
“그럼 안녕히 가세요.”
“네, 안녕히 가세요.” - Indirect speech
“그럼 안녕히 가세요.”
“안녕히 가세요.” - In the future tense, it is changed to ‘-어요’ and ‘-어요’
which is changed to ‘-어요’. - Direct speech
“아직 안 왔어요.”
“그럼 아직 안 왔어요.” - Indirect speech
“아직 안 왔어요.”
“아직 안 왔어요.” - In the future tense, it is changed to ‘-어요’ and ‘-어요’
which is changed to ‘-어요’. - Direct speech
“아직 안 왔어요.”
“그럼 아직 안 왔어요.” - Indirect speech
“아직 안 왔어요.”
“아직 안 왔어요.”
(present tense)
- Direct speech
“아직 안 왔어요.”
“그럼 아직 안 왔어요.” - Indirect speech
“아직 안 왔어요.”
“아직 안 왔어요.”
(present tense)
- Direct speech
“그럼 안녕히 가세요.”
“네, 안녕히 가세요.” - Indirect speech
“그럼 안녕히 가세요.”
“안녕히 가세요.” - In the future tense, it is changed to ‘-어요’ and ‘-어요’
which is changed to ‘-어요’.
- FORM
When the original speech in respect to
the negative form, ‘-지 않다’ which is
used.
‘지 말다’
-지 않다
“처음 뵙겠습니다.”
“네, 처음 뵙겠습니다.”
“내일 뵐게요.”
“아니요, 내일 뵙지 않겠습니다.”
The original speech in respect to the
negative form, ‘-지 않다’ which is
used.
‘-지 말다’
‘아니요, 내일 뵙지 않겠습니다.’
“그럼 안녕히 가세요.”
“네, 안녕히 가세요.”
SUMMARY
| Verb Stem | Adjective Stem | Noun Stem | |
| Verb | -았/었 | -았/었 | |
| -는데 | -는데 | ||
| -겠 | -겠 | ||
| Adjective | |||
| Noun | -인데 | ||
| -일 | |||
| -것이다 |
Reported speech form
(Present Tense)
- Quotation
“-다고” “-자고” “-라고”
(Past Tense)
“-았/었다고” “-았/었다자고” “-았/었다라고”
(Future Tense)
“-겠다고” “-겠자고” “-겠라고” - Command in casual speech.
A command in casual speech has
the same form as a statement one and
if you delete ‘으’ from ‘-(으)
라’, it becomes a command.
Verb Stem
-라
-세요
-라
-세요
-라
-세요
Verb Stem
-았/었
-았/었
-았/었
-았/었
(present tense)
- Direct speech
“그럼 안녕히 가세요.”
“네, 안녕히 가세요.” - Indirect speech
“그럼 안녕히 가세요.”
“안녕히 가세요.” - In the future tense, it is changed to ‘-어요’ and ‘-어요’
which is changed to ‘-어요’.
Unit
3
-는 것 같다
-는 것 같다
- MEANING
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ is used to express the
speaker’s presumption about a situation
or a person. In the future, it has the same
meaning as ‘It seems that (someone/
something) will…’ - FORM
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and adjectives
that end with a vowel.
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and adjectives
that end with a consonant.
Verbs/Adjectives
Vowel ending: ‘-는데’
Consonant ending: ‘-는데’
NOTE
In casual speech, the personal
pronouns are changed as in the
following table.
| If polite speech is used | then casual speech is used | Pronoun |
| 나 (I) | ||
| 너 (you) | ||
| 그 (he) | ||
| 그녀 (she) | ||
| 이 (this) | ||
| 저 (that) | ||
| 이것 (this) | ||
| 저것 (that) |
When it is the negative form, ‘-지 않다’ is
used.
Verb Stem
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
- When it is the negative form, ‘-지 않다’ is
used.
Verb Stem
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
NOTE
In casual speech, the personal
pronouns are changed as in the
following table.
| If polite speech is used | then casual speech is used | Pronoun |
| 나 (I) | ||
| 너 (you) | ||
| 그 (he) | ||
| 그녀 (she) | ||
| 이 (this) | ||
| 저 (that) | ||
| 이것 (this) | ||
| 저것 (that) |
When it is the negative form, ‘-지 않다’ is
used.
Verb Stem
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
- When it is the negative form, ‘-지 않다’ is
used.
Verb Stem
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
subjects which are combined.
When the people or things being
compared are identical, the objects
are preceded by ‘은/는’ and ‘도’ or ‘은/는’
is replaced by ‘-는’ / ‘-는’.
When the people or things being
compared are identical, the objects
are preceded by ‘은/는’ and ‘도’ or ‘은/는’
is replaced by ‘-는’ / ‘-는’.
- MEANING
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ (Adjective) is used to contrast
two facts or conditions. It has the same
meaning as ‘…, but…’ - FORM
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and
adjectives ending in a consonant.
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and
adjectives ending in a vowel.
Verbs/Adjectives
Consonant ending: ‘-는데’
Vowel ending: ‘-는데’
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ is used to contrast
two facts or conditions. It has the same
meaning as ‘…, but…’
Unit
4
- MEANING
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ is used to contrast
two facts or conditions. It has the same
meaning as ‘…, but…’ - FORM
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and
adjectives ending in a consonant.
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and
adjectives ending in a vowel.
Verbs/Adjectives
Consonant ending: ‘-는데’
Vowel ending: ‘-는데’
- MEANING
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ (Adjective) is used to contrast
two facts or conditions. It has the same
meaning as ‘…, but…’ - FORM
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and
adjectives ending in a consonant.
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and
adjectives ending in a vowel.
Verbs/Adjectives
Consonant ending: ‘-는데’
Vowel ending: ‘-는데’
- MEANING
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ (Adjective) is used to contrast
two facts or conditions. It has the same
meaning as ‘…, but…’ - FORM
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and
adjectives ending in a consonant.
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and
adjectives ending in a vowel.
Verbs/Adjectives
Consonant ending: ‘-는데’
Vowel ending: ‘-는데’
NOTE
Add ‘-(으)ㄴ’ at the end of a noun to
end inflections.
Nouns ending in ‘ㄹ’
A. Nouns with ‘는’ ending
Add ‘-(으)ㄴ’ at the end of a noun to
end inflections.
Nouns ending in ‘ㄹ’
A. Nouns with ‘는’ ending
Add ‘-(으)ㄴ’ at the end of a noun to
end inflections.
Nouns ending in ‘ㄹ’
A. Nouns with ‘는’ ending
Add ‘-(으)ㄴ’ at the end of a noun to
end inflections.
Nouns ending in ‘ㄹ’
A. Nouns with ‘는’ ending
When the people or things being
compared are identical, the objects
are preceded by ‘은/는’ and ‘도’ or ‘은/는’
is replaced by ‘-는’ / ‘-는’.
When the people or things being
compared are identical, the objects
are preceded by ‘은/는’ and ‘도’ or ‘은/는’
is replaced by ‘-는’ / ‘-는’.
- MEANING
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ (Adjective) is used to contrast
two facts or conditions. It has the same
meaning as ‘…, but…’ - FORM
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and
adjectives ending in a consonant.
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and
adjectives ending in a vowel.
Verbs/Adjectives
Consonant ending: ‘-는데’
Vowel ending: ‘-는데’
- MEANING
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ is used to contrast
two facts or conditions. It has the same
meaning as ‘…, but…’ - FORM
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and
adjectives ending in a consonant.
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and
adjectives ending in a vowel.
Verbs/Adjectives
Consonant ending: ‘-는데’
Vowel ending: ‘-는데’
- MEANING
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ is used to contrast
two facts or conditions. It has the same
meaning as ‘…, but…’ - FORM
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and
adjectives ending in a consonant.
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and
adjectives ending in a vowel.
Verbs/Adjectives
Consonant ending: ‘-는데’
Vowel ending: ‘-는데’
- MEANING
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ is used to contrast
two facts or conditions. It has the same
meaning as ‘…, but…’ - FORM
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and
adjectives ending in a consonant.
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and
adjectives ending in a vowel.
Verbs/Adjectives
Consonant ending: ‘-는데’
Vowel ending: ‘-는데’
NOTE
Add ‘-(으)ㄴ’ at the end of a noun to
end inflections.
Nouns ending in ‘ㄹ’
A. Nouns with ‘는’ ending
Add ‘-(으)ㄴ’ at the end of a noun to
end inflections.
Nouns ending in ‘ㄹ’
A. Nouns with ‘는’ ending
Add ‘-(으)ㄴ’ at the end of a noun to
end inflections.
Nouns ending in ‘ㄹ’
A. Nouns with ‘는’ ending
Add ‘-(으)ㄴ’ at the end of a noun to
end inflections.
Nouns ending in ‘ㄹ’
A. Nouns with ‘는’ ending
NOTE
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ can be used to describe a
person’s past or skills.
When the people or things being
compared are identical, the objects
are preceded by ‘은/는’ and ‘도’ or ‘은/는’
is replaced by ‘-는’ / ‘-는’.
If polite speech
is used
then casual
speech is used
Pronoun
나 (I)
너 (you)
그 (he)
그녀 (she)
이 (this)
저 (that)
이것 (this)
저것 (that)
- MEANING
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ is used to contrast
two facts or conditions. It has the same
meaning as ‘…, but…’ - FORM
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and
adjectives ending in a consonant.
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and
adjectives ending in a vowel.
Verbs/Adjectives
Consonant ending: ‘-는데’
Vowel ending: ‘-는데’
NOTE
- ‘-는데’ with adjectives (regular) – p25
Adjective stem + -는데 - ‘-는데’ with nouns (regular) – p25
Noun stem + -인데 - MEANING
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ is used to contrast
two facts or conditions. It has the same
meaning as ‘…, but…’ - FORM
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and
adjectives ending in a consonant.
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and
adjectives ending in a vowel.
Verbs/Adjectives
Consonant ending: ‘-는데’
Vowel ending: ‘-는데’
When the people or things being
compared are identical, the objects
are preceded by ‘은/는’ and ‘도’ or ‘은/는’
is replaced by ‘-는’ / ‘-는’.
- MEANING
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ is used to contrast
two facts or conditions. It has the same
meaning as ‘…, but…’ - FORM
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and
adjectives ending in a consonant.
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and
adjectives ending in a vowel.
Verbs/Adjectives
Consonant ending: ‘-는데’
Vowel ending: ‘-는데’
- MEANING
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ is used to contrast
two facts or conditions. It has the same
meaning as ‘…, but…’ - FORM
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and
adjectives ending in a consonant.
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and
adjectives ending in a vowel.
Verbs/Adjectives
Consonant ending: ‘-는데’
Vowel ending: ‘-는데’
NOTE
- ‘-는데’ with adjectives (regular) – p25
Adjective stem + -는데 - ‘-는데’ with nouns (regular) – p25
Noun stem + -인데
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ is used to contrast
two facts or conditions. It has the same
meaning as ‘…, but…’
- MEANING
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ is used to contrast
two facts or conditions. It has the same
meaning as ‘…, but…’ - FORM
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and
adjectives ending in a consonant.
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and
adjectives ending in a vowel.
Verbs/Adjectives
Consonant ending: ‘-는데’
Vowel ending: ‘-는데’
Reported speech form
(Present Tense)
- Quotation
“-다고” “-자고” “-라고”
(Past Tense)
“-았/었다고” “-았/었다자고” “-았/었다라고”
(Future Tense)
“-겠다고” “-겠자고” “-겠라고”
Reported speech form
(Present Tense)
- Quotation
“-다고” “-자고” “-라고”
(Past Tense)
“-았/었다고” “-았/었다자고” “-았/었다라고”
(Future Tense)
“-겠다고” “-겠자고” “-겠라고”
Unit
3
-는 것 같다
-는 것 같다
- MEANING
‘-(으)ㄴ/는데’ is used to express the
speaker’s presumption about a situation
or a person. In the future, it has the same
meaning as ‘It seems that (someone/
something) will…’ - FORM
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and adjectives
that end with a vowel.
‘-는데’ is used with verbs and adjectives
that end with a consonant.
Verbs/Adjectives
Vowel ending: ‘-는데’
Consonant ending: ‘-는데’
NOTE
In casual speech, the personal
pronouns are changed as in the
following table.
| If polite speech is used | then casual speech is used | Pronoun |
| 나 (I) | ||
| 너 (you) | ||
| 그 (he) | ||
| 그녀 (she) | ||
| 이 (this) | ||
| 저 (that) | ||
| 이것 (this) | ||
| 저것 (that) |
When it is the negative form, ‘-지 않다’ is
used.
Verb Stem
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
- When it is the negative form, ‘-지 않다’ is
used.
Verb Stem
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
NOTE
In casual speech, the personal
pronouns are changed as in the
following table.
| If polite speech is used | then casual speech is used | Pronoun |
| 나 (I) | ||
| 너 (you) | ||
| 그 (he) | ||
| 그녀 (she) | ||
| 이 (this) | ||
| 저 (that) | ||
| 이것 (this) | ||
| 저것 (that) |
When it is the negative form, ‘-지 않다’ is
used.
Verb Stem
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
- When it is the negative form, ‘-지 않다’ is
used.
Verb Stem
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다
-지 않다